Robots are known as the "jewel at the top of the manufacturing industry's crown", and their research and development, manufacturing, and application are important indicators to measure a country's level of technological innovation and high-end manufacturing. Currently, the robotics industry is flourishing, which is significantly changing human production and lifestyle, injecting strong momentum into economic and social development. In order to accelerate the high-quality development of the robotics industry, this plan is formulated in accordance with the 14th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long Range Objectives for 2035.

1、 Current situation and situation

Since the 13th Five Year Plan, China's robotics industry has shown a good development momentum through continuous innovation and deepening application. The industrial scale is growing rapidly, with an annual compound growth rate of about 15%. In 2020, the operating income of the robotics industry exceeded 100 billion yuan, and the production of industrial robots reached 212000 units (sets). The technological level continues to improve, and key technologies and components such as motion control, high-performance servo drive, and high-precision reducer are accelerating breakthroughs. The overall functionality and performance of the machine are significantly enhanced. Integrated applications have significantly expanded, with a manufacturing robot density of 246 units per 10000 people in 2020, nearly twice the global average. Service robots and special robots have achieved large-scale applications in warehousing and logistics, education and entertainment, cleaning services, security inspections, medical rehabilitation, and other fields.

The current new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, with the deep integration of new generation information technology, biotechnology, new energy, new materials, and robotics technology. The robotics industry is entering a window period of upgrading and leapfrog development. The major industrialized countries in the world regard robots as the forefront and focus of competition in the technology industry, and are intensifying their planning and layout. China has shifted towards a stage of high-quality development, building a modern economic system, and creating a new picture of a better life. There is an urgent need for strong support from emerging industries and technologies. Robots, as important carriers of emerging technologies and key equipment in modern industries, lead the digital development and intelligent upgrading of industries, constantly nurturing new industries, models, and formats. Robots, as an important tool for human production and life and a powerful assistant to cope with aging populations, continue to promote the improvement of production levels and quality of life, effectively promoting sustainable economic and social development.

In the face of new situations and requirements, the next 5 years or even longer will be a strategic opportunity period for China's robotics industry to become independent, self reliant, and innovative. We must seize opportunities, face challenges head-on, accelerate the resolution of problems such as insufficient technological accumulation, weak industrial foundation, and lack of high-end supply, and promote the robot industry to move towards the mid to high end.

2、 Overall requirements

（1） Guiding ideology

 Adhere to the principles of "innovation driven, application driven, basic improvement, and integrated development", focus on breaking through core technologies, solidifying industrial foundations, enhancing effective supply, expanding market applications, enhancing the stability and competitiveness of industrial and supply chains, continuously improving the development of the industry, promoting high-quality development of the robotics industry, and providing strong support for building a strong manufacturing country, a healthy China, and creating a better life.

（2） Development goals

By 2025, China will become a global hub for robot technology innovation, a hub for high-end manufacturing, and a new highland for integrated applications. A batch of robot core technologies and high-end products have achieved breakthroughs, and the comprehensive indicators of the entire machine have reached the international advanced level. The performance and reliability of key components have reached the level of similar international products. The average annual growth rate of operating revenue in the robotics industry exceeds 20%. Form a group of leading enterprises with international competitiveness and a large number of specialized, refined, and innovative "little giants" with strong innovation capabilities and good growth potential, and build 3-5 industrial clusters with international influence. The density of manufacturing robots has doubled.

By 2035, the comprehensive strength of China's robotics industry will reach the international leading level, and robots will become an important component of economic development, people's lives, and social governance.

3、 Main tasks

（1） Enhancing industrial innovation capabilities

Strengthen core technology research and development. Focusing on national strategy and industrial development needs, breaking through common technologies such as robot system development and operating systems. Grasp the development trend of robotics technology, and develop cutting-edge technologies such as biomimetic perception and cognition, as well as bio electromechanical integration. Promote the integration and application of new technologies such as artificial intelligence, 5G, big data, and cloud computing, improve the intelligence and networking level of robots, and strengthen functional security, network security, and data security.

Establish a sound innovation system. Give full play to the role of research and development institutions such as key robotics laboratories, engineering (technology) research centers, and innovation centers, strengthen research on cutting-edge and common technologies, accelerate the transfer and transformation of innovative achievements, and build an effective industrial technology innovation chain. Encourage backbone enterprises to jointly carry out collaborative research and development of robots, promote standardization and modularization of software and hardware systems, and improve the efficiency of new product development. Support enterprises to strengthen the construction of technology centers and carry out the development of key and applied technologies.

01 Common technologies include robot system development technology, robot modularization and reconstruction technology, robot operating system technology, robot lightweight design technology, information perception and navigation technology, multi task planning and intelligent control technology, human-machine interaction and autonomous programming technology, robot cloud edge technology, robot safety and reliability technology, rapid calibration and accuracy maintenance technology, and multi robot collaborative operation technology Robot self diagnosis technology, etc.

02 cutting-edge technologies such as biomimetic perception and cognition technology for robots, electronic skin technology, mechatronics integration technology for robots, human-machine natural interaction technology, emotion recognition technology, skill learning and development evolution technology, material structure and function integration technology, micro nano operation technology, soft robot technology, robot cluster technology, etc

（2） Consolidate the foundation of industrial development

Make up for the shortcomings in industrial development. Promote the joint research and development of industry, academia, and research, fill the gaps in specialized materials, core components, and processing technology, and improve the functionality, performance, and reliability of key components of robots; Develop robot control software, core algorithms, etc. to improve the functionality and intelligence level of the robot control system.

Strengthen the construction of the standard system. Establish a national organization for robot standardization, better leverage the technological standard innovation role of the national technology standard innovation base (robot), and continuously promote robot standardization work. Establish a sound robot standard system, accelerate the urgent research and formulation of standards, carry out the revision of standards for robot functions, performance, safety, etc., strengthen the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into standards and promote the application of standards. Actively participate in international standardization work.

Enhance testing and certification capabilities. Encourage enterprises to strengthen their testing and verification capabilities, enhance product testing, and improve quality and reliability. Enhance the detection capability of the robot detection and evaluation center to meet the needs of enterprise detection and certification services. Promote the construction of China's robot certification system.

Action Plan for Improving Key Foundations of Robots

01 High performance reducer R&D RV reducer and advanced manufacturing technology and process of harmonic reducer, improving the accuracy retention (lifespan) and reliability of reducer, reducing noise, and achieving large-scale production. Research the basic theory of new high-performance precision gear transmission devices, break through precision/ultra precision manufacturing technology and assembly processes, and develop new high-performance precision reducers.

02 High performance servo drive system optimization of high-performance servo drive control, servo motor structure design, manufacturing process, self-tuning and other technologies, development of high-precision, high-power density robot specific servo motors and high-performance motor brakes and other core components.

03 Intelligent controller development: A hardware system for controllers with high real-time performance, high reliability, multi processor parallel operation or multi-core processors, achieving standardization, modularity, and networking. Breaking through high-precision motion calculation, motion control, and intelligent motion planning algorithms for multiple joints, enhancing the intelligence level, safety, reliability, and usability of control systems.

04 Intelligent integrated joint development institution/drive/perception/control integration, modular robot joints, research and development of servo motor drive, high-precision harmonic transmission dynamic compensation, high-precision real-time data fusion of composite sensors, modular integrated integration and other technologies, achieving high-speed real-time communication, joint force/torque protection and other functions.

05The development of new sensors includes force sensing sensors such as 3D vision sensors, six dimensional force sensors, and joint torque sensors, as well as large field of view single line and multi line LiDARs, intelligent auditory sensors, and high-precision encoders to meet the needs of intelligent robot development.

06The development of 06 intelligent end effector is an intelligent and flexible operation end effector that can achieve functions such as intelligent grasping, flexible assembly, and rapid replacement, meeting the diverse operational needs of robots.

（3） Increase the supply of high-end products to meet the needs of industries such as manufacturing, mining, construction, agriculture, as well as home services, public services, healthcare, elderly care and disability assistance, and special environmental operations. Gather advantageous resources, focus on promoting the development and application of key products for industrial robots, service robots, and special robots, expand the range of robot products, and improve performance, quality, and safety, Promote the development of high-end and intelligent products.

Robot Innovation Product Development Action

01 Industrial robot development: High precision and high reliability welding robots for the automotive, aerospace, rail transit and other fields, vacuum (clean) robots for automatic handling, intelligent movement and storage in the semiconductor industry, explosion-proof civilian explosive production robots, AGVs, unmanned forklifts, sorting, packaging and other logistics robots, large loads, lightweight, flexible for 3C, automotive parts and other fields A mobile operation robot with dual arm and mobile cooperation, capable of moving at any position within the work area of transportation, polishing, assembly, etc., achieving reachable spatial positions and postures, and possessing flexible grasping and operation capabilities.

02 Service robot development: Orchard weeding, precision plant protection, fruit and vegetable pruning, harvesting, sorting, as well as agricultural robots for feeding, inspection, sludge removal, net clothing attachment removal, disinfection and treatment in livestock and poultry breeding. Mining robots for mining, support, drilling, inspection, heavy-duty auxiliary transportation, intelligent production, measurement, material distribution, steel reinforcement processing, concrete pouring of building components Building robots for floor and wall decoration, component installation, welding, medical rehabilitation robots for surgery, nursing, inspection, rehabilitation, consultation, and delivery, elderly care and disability assistance robots for walking, bathing, item delivery, emotional support, intelligent prosthetics, household service robots for household chores, education, entertainment, and safety supervision, public service robots for guidance, catering, distribution, and transportation.

03 Development of special robots for underwater detection, monitoring, operation, deep-sea mineral resource development, and other underwater robots. Security robots for security patrols, anti smuggling and security checks, counter-terrorism and riot prevention, exploration and evidence collection, traffic management, border management, and public security control. Robots for dangerous environmental operations such as firefighting, emergency rescue, safety inspections, nuclear industry operations, and marine fishing. Inspection and sampling, disinfection and cleaning, indoor distribution, and auxiliary relocation Hygiene and epidemic prevention robots that assist in ward rounds and critical care operations.

（4） Expand the depth and breadth of application, encourage user units and robotics enterprises to jointly carry out technical testing and verification, support robotics whole machine enterprises to implement key component verification, and enhance the testing and verification capabilities of public technology service platforms. Promote robot system integrators to focus on specific scenarios and production processes in segmented fields, and develop advanced, applicable, and easy to promote system solutions. Support the establishment of a robot application promotion platform and organize precise production and demand coordination. Promote the development of robot application scenarios and product demonstration and promotion. Accelerate the formulation of robot access standards, product certification or registration in fields such as healthcare, elderly care, electricity, mining, and construction. Encourage enterprises to establish product experience centers and accelerate the promotion of robots for home services, education and entertainment, explanation and guidance, and delivery and catering. Explore the establishment of new leasing service platforms and encourage the development of new business models such as intelligent cloud services.

Robot+Application Action

01 Deeply cultivates industry applications in areas that have already formed large-scale applications, such as automobiles, electronics, machinery, light industry, textiles, building materials, pharmaceuticals, public services, warehousing and logistics, smart homes, education and entertainment, etc., focuses on developing and promoting new robot products, exploring high-end application markets, and deeply promoting intelligent manufacturing and smart life.

02 Expand emerging applications in preliminary and potential demand areas, such as mining, petroleum, chemical, agriculture, electricity, construction, aviation, aerospace, ships, railways, nuclear industry, ports, public safety, emergency rescue, medical rehabilitation, elderly care and disability assistance, etc. Based on specific scenarios, develop robot products and solutions, carry out pilot demonstrations, and expand application space.

03 Strengthen the application of distinctive features in specific sub scenarios, processes, and fields, such as bathroom, ceramics, photovoltaics, smelting, casting, sheet metal, hardware, furniture, and other sub fields. Key links such as spray painting, embryo repair, polishing, polishing, welding, spraying, transportation, palletizing, etc., form professional and customized solutions and replicate and promote them, create distinctive service brands, and form new competitive advantages.

（5） Optimize industrial organizational structure

Cultivate and strengthen high-quality enterprises. Encourage backbone enterprises to cultivate robot navigation enterprises with ecological leadership and core competitiveness through mergers and acquisitions, joint ventures, and cooperation. Promote enterprises to deeply cultivate segmented industries, strengthen professional and differentiated development, and create a group of specialized, refined, and innovative "little giant" enterprises and individual champion enterprises in the fields of machine, machine, machine, component, and system integration.

Promote strong and stable chains. Encourage backbone enterprises to target the weak links of key components and high-end complete machine products, and collaborate with supporting enterprises to accelerate the research and development, engineering verification, and iterative upgrading of precision gears, lubricants, encoders, core software, etc. Support collaborative innovation in the upstream, midstream, and downstream of the industrial chain, facilitate the integration and development of large, medium, and small enterprises, and build a good industrial ecosystem. Strengthen international industrial security cooperation and promote the diversification of the robot industry chain and supply chain.

Build advantageous characteristic clusters. Promote reasonable regional layout, guide resources and innovative elements to gather in regions with good industrial foundations and great development potential, and cultivate advantageous clusters with strong innovation capabilities and a good industrial environment. Support clusters to strengthen technological innovation, focus on segmented fields, provide highly professional robot products and system solutions, improve public services such as technology transformation, inspection and testing, and talent training, and cultivate distinctive cluster brands.

4、 Safeguard measures

（1） Strengthen overall planning and coordination to promote

Coordinate the resources and efforts of industry management, technology, finance, and other departments, strengthen policy coordination with user departments, and support the innovative development of the robotics industry. Encourage local governments to formulate targeted policy measures, coordinate and solve major problems in the robotics industry, and guide enterprises to do a good job in safety production and environmental protection. Give full play to the role of industry associations, intermediary organizations, and other bridging links, strengthen dynamic monitoring of the robotics industry, provide timely feedback on problems in the planning and implementation process, and propose suggestions.

（2） Increase financial and tax support

Strengthen support for the development and application of robots through national major scientific and technological projects, national key research and development plans, and other initiatives. Optimize the pilot work of the insurance compensation mechanism for the first (set) major technical equipment, leverage the role of government procurement, and promote the application of innovative robot products. Implement tax policies such as additional deductions for research and development expenses. Promote active investment in various industry funds and support eligible enterprises to go public. Encourage pilot cities for industry finance cooperation to increase investment in robotics enterprises. Guide financial institutions to innovate service models such as accounts receivable financing and supply chain financing.

（3） Creating a favorable market environment

Improve the "Normative Conditions for the Industrial Robot Industry" and increase implementation and acceptance efforts. Support the capacity building of third-party testing and certification institutions, enhance market recognition and international influence. Strengthen intellectual property protection and increase punishment for intellectual property infringement. Standardize market bidding and procurement, and prohibit the establishment of discriminatory clauses. Conduct research on robot ethics and legal regulations.

（4） Establish a sound talent guarantee system

Strengthen the cultivation of robotics technology talents and support universities and research institutes in cultivating professional and compound high-end talents. Promote the construction of new engineering disciplines, encourage schools and enterprises to jointly carry out collaborative education projects between industry and academia, jointly build a number of modern industrial colleges, promote order based training, modern apprenticeship system and other models, and cultivate talents urgently needed for industrial development. Implement vocational skill enhancement actions and support the development of skills enhancement and job transfer training for enterprise employees. Support the organization of various robot competitions. Intensify science popularization efforts and enhance the technological literacy of young people in robotics.

（5） Deepening international exchange and cooperation

Support enterprises, academic institutions, industry organizations, etc. to carry out international exchanges and cooperation in technology, standards, testing and certification, intellectual property, talent cultivation, and other areas. Encourage foreign enterprises and institutions to establish research and development institutions, education and training centers, etc. in China. Support domestic enterprises to establish research and development institutions in developed countries, strengthen international technological cooperation, and accelerate the landing of robots in mature international scenarios. Fully utilize bilateral and multilateral cooperation mechanisms, promote the "going global" of robot products and solutions, and achieve win-win cooperation